Knee is one of the most important structures in the human body that plays an essential role in providing stability. There are numerous anatomical structures in the knee and the ACL is one of the basic ones. The ACL which stands for Anterior Cruciate Ligament is responsible for providing stability to the knee joint. When you perform activities, which involves pivoting and kicking, the ACL joint helps you.
What is ACL Injury
The ACL is present in the middle part of the knee. The main function of the ACL is to prevent the shin bone from sliding out from the thigh bone. ACL injury is mainly defined as the tearing or over stretching of anterior cruciate ligament in the knee. This tear can be both partial and complete. The common age of ACL tears ranges from 15 years to 45 years. These injuries are often classified in the form of grade 1, 2, and 3.
What are the Causes of ACL Injury
There can be multiple causes of ACL injuries. Some of these causes are discussed here:
- Hard and sudden hit on the side of the knee
- Knee joint overextension
- Changing directions of running abruptly
- Sports like basketball, football and soccer
- Landing awkwardly while performing jumping movements
- Direct blow of knee
What are the Risk Factors of ACL Injury?
Undoubtedly, any individual can get an ACL injury. However, the risk of ACL injuries is higher in the individual having these factors:
- Females
- Active sport participation
- Previous history of torn ACL
- Age between 15 to 45 years
- Anatomical factor
- Muscle endurance and imbalances
- Joint laxity
- Poor neuromuscular control
What are the Sign and Symptoms of ACL Injury?
The ACL injury is often recognized with the “Popping” sound in the knee joint. However, the other signs and symptoms of ACL are discussed below:
- Recognizable pain in the knee joint.
- Visible swelling around knee
- Limited mobility of knee
- Sudden loss of range of motion
- Feeling of discomfort while walking
- Instability of knee joint
- Tenderness around knee
What is the Diagnosis of ACL Injury?
When it comes to physical examination, your doctor will initially look for pain and tenderness around your knee joint. Following this, the doctor can also move your knee in multiple directions, for evaluating the range of motion of the knee. Other test which can help in diagnosis of ACL injury includes:
- X-ray – to rule out fracture of knee bones.
- MRI – to rule out damage of tissues and cartilages.
- Ultrasound – to rule out injuries to tendons, muscles, and ligaments.
Prevention and Management of ACL Injury
The treatment and prevention of ACL injury are not limited to one thing. To get better understanding about this, have a look below:
Immediate management
- Rest – general rest with no or limited weight bearing.
- Ice – every two hours for almost 15 to 20 minutes.
- Compression – consider wearing knee support such as knee brace for ligament injury and pain relief.
- Elevation – place a pillow under your knee joint to keep it elevated.
Physical Therapy Management
- Heel slides
- Quads strengthening
- Ankle pumps
- Straight leg raises
- Clamshells
- Single leg balance exercise
Surgical Management of ACL
ACL reconstructions are helpful in management of severely torn ACLs. In this, the surgeon removes the damaged ACL ligament from the knee and replaces it with similar tendon tissue.
Prevention of ACL
One of the best ways to prevent ACL injury is to wear knee support products. This can help in providing stability to the knee and prevent injuries. You can wear padded sports knee brace while training to prevent ACL. Moreover, if you feel pain in your knee while walking and running, then a neoprene pain relief support brace can aid you.
Conclusion
The following article is specifically designed to help the people with ACL injuries. ACL injuries are quite discomforting so you need to take great care of them. There can be several causes and risk factors of ACL injuries which are also discussed above. However, if you are looking for ways to prevent ACL injuries, consider using knee support devices.